| ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯ᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠲᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠨ | ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠨᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠬᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠯᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠩᠳᠠᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠳᠠᠭ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ | ᠴᠡᠩᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠰᠤᠷᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠳᠤᠮᠲᠠᠭᠤᠪᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠯᠵᠡᠶᠢᠲᠦ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠳᠡᠯ ᠬᠥᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠴᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠪᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ | ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ | ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠭ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠠᠴᠠ 7000 — 11000 | ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ 7000 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠷᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠴᠦᠭᠦᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ | ᠠᠽᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠨᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠹᠤ᠂ ᠮᠤᠵᠧ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠮᠤᠹᠤ᠂ ᠮᠤᠵᠧ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ | ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠪ᠊︾᠂ ︽ᠮ᠊︾ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠺᠢᠳᠫᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠹᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ | ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠭᠹᠤ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠹᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ 11 — 13 ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠡ᠂ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ | ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠠᠪᠬᠠᠯᠵᠢ | ᠰᠠᠮᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ︽ᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭ︾᠂ ︽ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯ︾᠂ | ︽ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠤᠳ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ᠂ ᠪᠢᠷᠠ᠂ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ᠂ | ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠠᠳᠠ ᠰᠢᠳᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠰᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠡᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯ | ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ | ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ | ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠬᠤ᠂ ᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠮᠣᠷᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠦ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ | ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡ 13 ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ | ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠦ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠢᠷᠠ᠂ | ᠡᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠮᠣᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠨ | ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ 1214 — | 1225 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠷᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠨᠡ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠭᠤ ᠰᠤᠴᠢᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨᠡ | ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠺᠢᠫᠴᠠᠺ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ᠂ ᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠥᠬᠡᠴᠦᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠫᠤᠷᠲ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠳ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ᠂ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ | ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠴᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠡᠢ᠃ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ | ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠰᠣᠭᠤᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠢᠷ ᠲᠥᠷᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠤ | ᠭᠤᠸᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠱᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠭᠤᠯᠣᠮᠲᠠ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠴᠦ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠳᠡ | ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠮᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠭᠡᠳ 14 ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ᠂ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠽᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠥᠬᠡᠴᠦᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ᠂ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠬᠡᠴᠦᠳ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯ | ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ᠂ | ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠪᠣᠨ᠂ ᠨᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠴᠣᠯᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠴᠡᠦ᠂ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠥᠬᠡᠴᠦᠳ ᠳᠠᠯᠢᠩᠪᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠳᠤᠭ᠂ ᠱᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠱᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ | ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ᠂ ᠡᠳ᠋ | ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ 1921 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠳᠤᠭ᠂ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠱᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ | ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠶᠠ᠃ | 1. ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠃ ᠵᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠥᠮᠥᠳᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ | ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠵᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠭᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠢᠬᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠩᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠲᠣᠪᠣᠷᠤᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠢᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠵᠢ | ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ | ᠡᠩᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠢᠯᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠴᠤᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ | ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠣᠪᠣᠷᠤᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠱᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠧᠳ᠋ᠷ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠥᠮᠥᠳᠦ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ | ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠬᠤᠭᠤ ᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠤᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠ ᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠳᠤᠪᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠣᠶᠢᠮᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠯᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠢᠭ᠌ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 2. ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ᠃ ᠵᠣᠳᠤᠭ᠂ ᠥᠮᠥᠳᠦ᠂ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ᠂ ᠳᠤᠬᠤᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠪᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠮᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠴᠢ᠂ | ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠵᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠭᠠᠷᠢ᠂ ᠦᠬᠡᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠢᠰᠡᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠵᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠴᠤᠢ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ | ᠱᠦᠷᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠨᠴᠤᠢ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠭᠠᠷᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠢᠨᠡ᠃ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ | ᠬᠠᠨᠴᠤᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠮᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠥᠰᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠤᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠥᠬᠡᠴᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠠᠨᠴᠤᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠤ᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠥ᠂ ᠠᠷᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠤᠯᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠣᠷᠤᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠳᠢ᠂ ᠯᠤᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠰ᠂ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ︽ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠳᠡᠶᠢᠯᠬᠦ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠮᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠮᠣᠢ ᠥᠮᠥᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠳᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠥᠮᠥᠳᠦ ᠶᠢ | ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ︽ᠲᠣᠬᠤᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ | ᠂ 20 — 40 ᠲᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠥᠮᠥᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠤᠢ᠂ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠰᠤ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠱᠠᠯᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠥᠮᠥᠳᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ︽ᠳᠤᠱᠤᠤ︾ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠳᠤᠱᠤᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠳᠣ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠠᠮᠰᠤᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠰᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠬᠠᠳᠬᠤᠮᠠᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ | ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | 3. ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠰ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ᠃ ᠵᠣᠳᠤᠭ᠂ ᠱᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠰ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠢ᠂ ᠢᠰᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ | ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠠᠮᠰᠤᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠩᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠨᠴᠤᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠱᠤᠳᠠᠭ ︽ᠥᠮᠥᠳᠦ︾ | ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ | ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠤᠯᠢ᠂ ᠵᠡᠰ ᠭᠡᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠪᠣᠷᠤᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠰ | ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠠᠯᠴᠢᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠥᠮᠥᠳᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠱᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠦᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠰᠢᠷᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠥᠮᠥᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠰ ᠪᠥᠬᠡᠴᠦᠳ ᠡᠪᠦᠯ | ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠶᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠱᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ | 4. ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳ / ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ / ᠪᠥᠬᠡ᠃ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠪᠴᠢ ᠵᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠱᠤᠳᠠᠭ / ᠥᠮᠥᠳᠦ / ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠴᠡᠬᠡᠵᠢᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠰ ᠲᠣᠪᠣᠷᠤᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠪᠠ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠯᠤᠤ︾᠂ ︽ᠪᠠᠷᠰ︾ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠬᠤᠮᠠᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 5. ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠤᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ᠃ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠱᠠᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠥᠮᠥᠳᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠱᠠᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | 6. ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ / ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ / ᠪᠥᠬᠡ᠃ ᠵᠣᠳᠤᠭ᠂ ᠱᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ᠂ ᠣᠶᠢᠮᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠨᠥᠮᠥᠷᠭᠡ᠂ ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ | ᠪᠤᠯᠴᠢᠩ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠰᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ ᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠮᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ 45 ᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ 666 ᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ | ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠮᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠮᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠮᠡᠭᠡ | ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ 1600 ᠭᠠᠳ | ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ 11 ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠬᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠬᠡᠴᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠭᠦᠳ᠂ | ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠳᠢ᠂ ᠱᠣᠩᠬᠤᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠦ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠱᠠᠯᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 12 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ 13 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠨᠠᠴᠢᠨ | ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠤᠯᠠ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠬᠡᠴᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠬᠤ | ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ 18 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠴᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡ | ᠤᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 2005 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ | ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | 1921 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠳᠮᠠᠨᠶᠠᠮᠪᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ 11᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠯᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠮᠥ᠋ᠩᠬᠡ 10 ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ᠂ | ᠪᠠᠳᠮᠠᠳᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠲᠡᠨᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ 7 ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠵᠢᠭᠵᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡᠪᠠᠲᠤ 6 ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠳᠢᠨ | 5 ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠩᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ 4 ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠤᠳ ᠢ | ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ |