| ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠰᠦ | ︖ —— ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ 206 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠥᠩᠬᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ | ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ 206 ᠣᠨ —— ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ 119 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ᠂ ᠦᠬᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ 119 ᠣᠨ —— 410 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠷᠤᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠢ | ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 410 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ —— ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ | ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠳᠧᠦᠶᠢᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ︵ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠳᠧᠦᠶᠢᠦ | ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠳᠧᠦᠶᠢᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ | ᠳᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠿᠦ ᠿᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ᠂ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠲᠥᠷᠺ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ | ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ —— 850 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ | ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠲ᠋ᠠᠷ ︵ᠱᠢᠸᠧᠢ︶ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 850 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ | —— 910 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠲ᠋ᠠᠷ ︵ᠱᠢᠸᠧᠢ︶ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ | ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 910 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ —— 1125 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ | ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠲ᠋ᠠᠷ ︵ᠱᠢᠸᠧᠢ︶ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ | ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 1125 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ | —— 1206 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ᠂ ︽ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠲ᠋ᠠᠷ︾ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ — ᠲᠠᠲ᠋ᠠᠷ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ | ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡ ᠱᠠᠰᠳᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠴᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ | ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 1206 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ —— 1270 ᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ︵︖︶ | ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ︵ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ︖︶ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ | ᠂ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠲᠥᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠠᠴᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠯᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1270 ᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ —— 1370 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ᠂ | ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠲᠤ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠵᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠤᠰ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ | ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠲᠥᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ︾ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠲᠥᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | 1370 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ —— 1500 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠪᠤᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ | ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠯᠡ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠲᠥᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ | ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1500 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ —— 1640 ᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ᠂ | ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠲᠥᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ | ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠲᠥᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠨ | ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ | ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠲᠥᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 1640 ᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ | —— 1911 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ | ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ︵ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1911 ᠣᠨ —— 1946 | ᠣᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | |